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(Arabic) ''Ittihād al-mahākim al-islāmiyya'' |common_name = Islamic Courts Union |continent = Africa |p1 = Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya |flag_p1 = Flag of Jihad.svg |s1 = Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia |flag_s1 = Flag of the Islamic Courts Union.svg |s2 = Jabhatul IslamiyaJabhatul Islamiya |flag_s2 = Flag of Jihad.svg |s3 = Ras Kamboni BrigadesRas Kamboni |flag_s3 = Flag of Jihad.svg |s4 = Muaskar AnoleMuaskar Anole |flag_s4 = Flag of Jihad.svg |s5 = Al-Shabaab (militant group)Al-Shabaab |flag_s5 = ShababAdmin.svg |image_flag = Flag of the Islamic Courts Union.svg |image_coat = ICU seal.svg |image_map = 2006 ICU.svg |national_motto = "There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of God" (Shahada) |national_anthem = |event_start = Declared |date_start = 6 June |year_start = 2006 |event_end = Abandoned |date_end = 27 December |year_end = 2006 |official_languages = SomaliArabic |capital = Mogadishu |latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= |government_type = Sharia kritarchy |leader_title1 = Executive Chairman |leader_name1 = Sheikh Sharif Ahmed |leader_title2 = Shura Chairman |leader_name2 = Hassan Dahir Aweys |leader_title3 = Deputy Executive Chairman |leader_name3 = abdulqadir ali umar |currency = Somali shilling |cctld = .so |calling_code = 252 |footnotes = }} The Islamic Courts Union (ICU; (ソマリ語:''Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga''); (アラビア語:اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية) ''Ittihād al-mahākim al-islāmiyya'') was a group of Sharia courts that united themselves to form a rival administration to the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia, with Sharif Sheikh Ahmed as their head. They were also known as the Joint Islamic Courts, Union of Islamic Courts (UIC), Supreme Islamic Courts Council (SICC) or the Supreme Council of Islamic Courts (SCIC). Western media often refer to the group as Somali Islamists. Until the end of 2006, they controlled most of southern Somalia and the vast majority of its population, including most major cities such as Jowhar, Kismayo, Beledweyne, and the capital Mogadishu. The ICU was supported by warlord Yusuf "Indho Ade" Mohamed Siad who ruled Lower Shabelle but later became defense chief of the ICU, who aided in the defeat of the Mogadishu warlords.〔(Warlord Yusuf "Indho Ade" Mohamed Siad, defense chief of the ICU )〕 Only the Northern regions (Puntland, Somaliland), and the furthest interior regions of the south were outside their control. In December 2006, the ICU lost much territory after defeats at the battles of Baidoa, Bandiradley, and Beledweyne, retreating to the capital, Mogadishu. On 28 December they abandoned Mogadishu, leaving the city in chaos while they moved south towards Kismayo, which allowed the TFG and Ethiopian troops to take over the city. After a stand at the Battle of Jilib, the ICU abandoned the city of Kismayo on 1 January 2007. Stripped of almost all their territory, it was speculated the ICU would pursue guerrilla-style warfare against the government.〔 〕 Instead, hardline Islamists broke ranks from the ICU and formed other militant groups, such as Al-Shabaab and Hizbul Islam, to continue the war against the government. The less-militant members of the ICU went into exile in Eritrea and Djibouti, where they formed the Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia in September 2007. In the two years following the ICU's ouster from Mogadishu, the hardline Islamist groups concentrated their power in the south and west of Somalia, taking ground from both the TFG and ICU. By January 2009, a reconciliation and powersharing deal was brokered between the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and the Djibouti contingent from the former Islamic Courts Union which resulted in the expansion of the Parliament and the election of Sheik Sharif Ahmed, former leader of the ICU, as President of the Transitional Federal Government. == History == (詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Islamic Courts Union」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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